Melting curve analysis and detection systems Melting curve analysis can only be performed with realtime […]
Real-time PCR probes
TaqMan® probe signal production Whether an MGB or non-MGB probe is chosen, both follow the […]
Sample template on how to write your research achievements and results when applying for a fellowship or grant
Sample of my research statement and results below: My Research Goal My research focused on […]
Nycodenz: application and properties
What is Nycodenz Nycodenz is a non-ionic, triiodinated radiopaque substance used primarily in molecular biology […]
Luria Broth (LB) and Luria Agar (LA) Media
Luria-Bertani (LB) broth is the most widely used medium for the growth of bacteria. It […]
Real-time PCR fluorescence detection systems
Real-time PCR fluorescence detection systems Real-time fluorescent PCR chemistries Many real-time fluorescent PCR chemistries exist, […]
Real-time PCR analysis technology
BaselineThe baseline of the real-time PCR reaction refers to the signal level during the initial […]
Real-time PCR primer design
Good primer design is one of the most important parameters in real-time PCR. This is […]
OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
Opportunistic mycoses are fungal infections caused by opportunistic fungi that only affect people with weakened […]
Research Proposal Tips for Grants & Projects
What is a research proposal? A research proposal is simply defined as a planned and […]
REAL-TIME PCR COMPONENTS
DNA polymerasePCR performance is often related to the thermostable DNA polymerase, so enzyme selection is […]
STEPS INVOLVED IN PERFORMING REAL-TIME PCR
Real-time PCR is a variation of the standard PCR technique that is commonly used to […]
INTRODUCTION TO REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most powerful technologies in molecular biology. […]
Practical Tips for Resolving Conflict as a Scientist, Research Leader, Scholar
Conflict Resolution: Practical Tips for STEM Leaders These tips presented here was adapted from the […]
Clinical and Pharmacological Significance of Synergism, Antagonism and Additive Effects of Drugs or Pharmacological Compounds
The simultaneous administration of multiple drugs or pharmacologically active compounds is an increasingly important component […]
HOW TO DESIGN PRIMERS FOR YOUR PCR EXPERIMENT
Primers are short stretches of DNA that target unique sequences of a DNA molecule and […]
Access to Recurring Scholarship and Funding Opportunities for Conferences, Study (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.), Postdoctoral Fellowships and Research Grants
As an academic, researcher or student, attending conferences or doing research can be a herculean […]
Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic diseases lie at the interface of human activity, animal ecology, and environmental change. Their persistence and increasing […]
FDA Approves First Gene Therapies to Treat Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
What is Sickle Cell Disease? Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood […]
Measurement of Disease Occurrence in a Population
The measurement of disease occurrence is one of the fundamental principles of epidemiology. It provides […]
Sources of Information for Epidemiological Data
Epidemiological data form the foundation of disease surveillance, prevention, and control. It provides essential information […]
How to Create EUROPASS CV and Cover Letter for EU Applications (Jobs, Research Positions, Education)
When applying for a scholarship for further studies abroad (in this case the European Union […]
Uses of Epidemiological Data
Epidemiological data form the empirical backbone of public health science. They provide systematically collected information […]
DIFFERENTIAL COUNT FOR CSF
AIM: To provide information on the different white blood cells (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes) […]
HAEMOCYTOMETER CELL COUNT FOR CSF SAMPLE
Cells of mammalian or prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells can be counted in the lab from […]
TYPES OF METABOLISM
Metabolic reactions help to maintain a state of balance or equilibrium in the cell. And […]
METABOLISM
Metabolism is simply defined as the summation of the chemical reactions that occurs in the […]
PROBIOTICS
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the […]
CELL IMMOBILIZATION
Cell immobilizationis the process of fixing the cells of living organisms including plants, animals, […]
INNATE IMMUNITY: Mechanisms of Early Host Defense Against Microbial Infection
Innate immunity constitutes the host’s intrinsic, evolutionarily conserved defense system and represents the first immunological […]
SIGNIFICANCE OF MONOCLONAL AND POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES
The two basic forms in which antibodies can be produced in purified forms in the […]
How to write a Cover Letter – Faculty, Postgraduate, Postdoc – sample attached
How to write a COVER LETTER – Faculty, Postgraduate, Postdoc – sample attached A cover […]
ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTION
The organs of the immune system are classically categorized into two principal groups: primary (central) […]
B CELL PRODUCTION
B cells are specialized type of lymphocytes that are responsible for the production of antibodies […]
CULTURE (GROWTH) MEDIA
The clinical diagnosis of some infectious diseases (including those caused by bacteria and fungi) in […]
Important techniques in microbiology laboratory
DIRECT PLATE COUNTING Direct plate counting is a microbiological technique used to evaluate the actual […]
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, non-motile, facultative rod in the genus Klebsiella and […]
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-enteric, oxidase positive, Gram-negative, motile; obligate aerobic straight or curved rod […]
Sterilization Techniques in Industrial Microbiology
Sterility is central and important for the success of any industrial fermentation process. Industrial microbiology […]
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a key microbe in fermentation and food biotechnology. LAB constitute […]
Factors that affect microbial population in the soil  Â
The population of microorganisms in the soil are affected or influenced by many factors […]
Importance of microbial population in the soil
The soil is that part of the earth crust or earth that supports plant life. […]
STANDARD QUALITY CONTROL STRAINS FOR ANTIBIOGRAM
Quality control strains (or reference strains)are typed cultures of microorganisms with known antimicrobial susceptibility patterns […]
PREPARATION OF 0.5 McFARLAND TURBIDITY STANDARDS
McFarland Turbidity Standard is an important technique performed in the microbiology laboratory especially when carrying […]
Isoniazid: Anti-Tuberculosis (TB) Drug
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is an […]
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol is a chemically distinctive broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that has occupied an important position in […]
Genetic Basis of Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic resistance is fundamentally a problem of microbial evolution in which genetic variation becomes translated […]
STEPS INVOLVED IN TRANSFORMING BACTERIAL CELLS
There are different types of steps involved in the transformation of a bacterial cell in […]
GENE CLONING
Cloning is a molecular biology technique which is used to make millions of copies of […]
GIARDIASIS
Giardiasis is a water-borne protozoal diarrheal-disease that is cause by parasites in the genus Giardia. […]