Category “C” biological agents occupy a distinct and critical niche in the spectrum of emerging […]
Category: Epidemiology
Category B Biological Agents: microbiology, transmission pathways, clinical manifestations
Category B biological agents constitute the second highest priority group of biological threat agents in public health […]
Category A Biological Agents: How to Identify, Contain, and Prepare for the Highest-Risk Biothreats
Category A biological agents are pathogens or toxins classified by the Centers for Disease Control and […]
Microbes Used as Biological Weapons: Bioterrorism Threats and Global Biosecurity Measures
Microorganisms have long been recognized not only for their role in disease and ecology but […]
BIOTERRORISM: Definition & Attributes of Biological Agents used for Biowarfare
Bioterrorism is broadly defined as the unauthorized, deliberate, or threatened use of microorganisms including bacteria, […]
Bioterrorism Through History: From Ancient Biological Warfare to Modern Global Security Threats
Bioterrorism refers to the deliberate use of biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or […]
Hand Washing: when and how to wash your hands
Hand washing is one of the best ways to protect yourself and your family from […]
HEALTHY HABITS TO HELP PREVENT FLU
Preventing Flu at Work and School At School At Work Source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm
ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS
The phrase ‘Zoonosis’ is a Greek word that comes from zoon (which means animal) and […]
MEASUREMENT OF DISEASE OCCURRENCE IN A POPULATION
Statistically, the measures and/or determination of disease occurrence in a given population are usually expressed […]
SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
In describing the health status of any population, useful data (in terms of health-related issues) […]
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
Epidemiological data has immense benefit to the health of any people as well as their […]
TERMINOLOGIES USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Such drift or subtle changes in the antigenic surfaces of pathogens are a setback for […]
THE PLACE OF STATISTICS IN THE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that is concerned with the proper method of collecting, […]
PATHOGEN & HOST FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
Once a disease-causing microorganism (pathogen) gains entry into the body of a susceptible host, the […]
HERD IMMUNITY
Herd immunity is a group resistance of a population against a particular disease and the […]
THE TRIANGLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (Epidemiological triad)
The characteristics of a disease are largely dependent on the relationship between the environment, the […]
EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Experimental epidemiological study can also be referred to as clinical trials. It is an analytical […]
SOURCES OF CASES & CONTROL IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
SOURCES OF CASES IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Cases in an epidemiological study can be sourced […]
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
Ecological epidemiological studies are observational descriptive studies that investigate the rate of a disease in […]
CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Cross-sectional studies are descriptive observational epidemiological studies which investigates the prevalence or occurrence of a […]
PROSPECTIVE (COHORT) STUDY
Prospective or cohort studies are an observational analytic epidemiological study in which the starting point […]
RETROSPECTIVE (CASE-CONTROL) STUDY
Retrospective study which can also be called case control study is an observational analytic epidemiologic […]
CASE REPORTS & CASE SERIES
Case reports are epidemiological studies that consist of the careful and thorough or comprehensive description […]
ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Analytical epidemiological study is a more detailed and all-encompassing epidemiological study than the descriptive epidemiological […]
Portal of Entry of Infectious Agents into the Human Body
References Black, J.G. (2008). Microbiology: Principles and Explorations (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & […]
Epidemic Disease Occurrence
Epidemic disease occurrence refers to the sudden increase in the number of cases of a […]
Core Epidemiologic Functions: Strengthening Surveillance, Investigation, and Public Health Response
Epidemiology is the foundational science of public health, providing the methods and evidence needed to […]
Anthroponotic Diseases (Anthroponoses) and Sapronoses: An Ecological Overview of Human-Associated and Environmental Infectious Systems
Anthroponotic diseases (anthroponoses) and sapronoses represent two distinct ecological and epidemiological modes of infectious disease […]
Descriptive Epidemiological Studies: Principles, Methods, and Applications
Descriptive epidemiology is a foundational branch of epidemiology concerned with characterizing the distribution of health-related […]
Observational Epidemiological Study: Association Between Exposure and Outcome in Population
Observational epidemiological studies are research designs used to investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related […]
Epidemiological Studies: Key Concepts, Designs, Methods, and Applications
Epidemiological studies are a foundational component of public health research, providing systematic methods to investigate […]
Historical Milestones in Epidemiology and Public Health
Epidemiology is the scientific study of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health-related events in […]
Epidemiology: Public Health Importance and Applications
History of epidemiology The history of epidemiology reflects humanity’s long-standing effort to understand the causes, […]