Aside from penicillins and cephalosporins, several other β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics have been developed and […]
Category: Antimicrobial Agents & Antibiotics
Clinical and pharmacological significance of synergism, antagonism and additive effects of drugs or pharmacological compounds
The terms synergistic effect (synergism), antagonistic effect (antagonism) and additive effect are all clinical and […]
ISONIAZID – anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug
Isoniazid or isonicotinyl hydrazine (INH) is a first-line antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis […]
CHLORAMPHENICOL
Chloramphenicol is a protein synthesis inhibitor but the antibiotic unlike other drugs that interfere with […]
MECHANISMS OF TRANSFER OF RESISTANCE GENES IN BACTERIA
Below are some of the major ways through which bacteria pass on their antibiotic […]
GENETIC BASIS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Genetic resistance of microbes to antibiotics is due to a chromosomal mutation in the bacterial […]
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LICHEN SECONDARY METABOLITES
Lichens possess varying antimicrobial properties; and they have been shown to be active against a […]
GENTAMICIN
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis like the tetracyclines, […]
CIPROFLOXACIN
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is derived from the earlier quinolones. Nalidixic acid is […]
SULPHONAMIDES
Sulphonamides or sulpha drugs are generally known as folate synthesis inhibitors because they inhibit […]
TETRACYCLINES
Tetracyclines are general purpose antibiotics used for a variety of clinical applications, and they include […]
TYPES OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Bacteria have evolved to survive in diverse environments. They survive exposure to harsh chemicals including […]
BRIEF HISTORY OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics are the most significant class of pharmaceuticals and are one of […]
ANTIMICROBIAL (ANTIBIOTIC) RESISTANCE: definition, selective pressure and clonal selection
Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are not killed […]
DRUG INTERACTION
To be clinically effective for the treatment of infectious diseases, every drug must reach a […]
ERYTHROMYCIN
Erythromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the […]
CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURES OF ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics including antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antiprotozoal agents, and antifungal agents have some specific characteristics […]
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS: Antibacterial Agents
The antibiotics described above including those not described in this work are used to treat […]
CEPHALOSPORINS
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that are penicillinase-resistant, and with related mode of action to the […]
PENICILLINS
Penicillins are beta-lactam drugs that inhibit the cross-linking of N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic […]
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS BASED ON SPECTRUM AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
Antibiotics can also be classified into different categories depending on their mode of action and/or […]
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
Antibacterial agents are specifically chemical agents that kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. […]
SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
The growth of pathogenic microorganisms is usually accompanied by the synthesis of new molecules including […]
Overview of antimicrobial agents (antibiotics)
Ever since their discovery some decadesago, antimicrobial agents particularly antibiotics have saved mankind from the […]
Chromogenic culture media for detecting antimicrobial resistance mechanisms
Chromatic Super CAZ/AVI Chromogenic medium for detecting Ceftazidime-avibactam resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Chromatic Super CAZ/AVI is […]
CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS
There are several classification/types of antibiotics today, which is based on bacterial spectrum of activity […]
SOURCES OF ANTIBIOTICS
Before the advent of conventional medicine used in clinical medicine today for the treatment of […]
From Serendipity to Global Medicine: The History and Evolution of Antibiotics
The history of antibiotics represents one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of […]
DEFINITION OF AN ANTIBIOTIC
There is no consensus to the definition of antibiotics. But it is very important that […]
Introduction to Antibiotic Resistance
In recent times, antibiotic resistance of pathogens to drugs (antibiotics) directed towards the degrading properties […]