Infectious diseases arise through a complex interaction between microorganisms and susceptible human hosts. These diseases […]
Tag: epidemiology
Biowarfare: Epidemiology, Detection, Control, Prevention, and Global Public Health Implications
Biological and chemical weapons, while unlikely to be used in conventional warfare, represent an ongoing […]
Category B Biological Agents: microbiology, transmission pathways, clinical manifestations
Category B biological agents constitute the second highest priority group of biological threat agents in public health […]
Category A Biological Agents: How to Identify, Contain, and Prepare for the Highest-Risk Biothreats
Category A biological agents are pathogens or toxins classified by the Centers for Disease Control and […]
Microbes Used as Biological Weapons: Bioterrorism Threats and Global Biosecurity Measures
Microorganisms have long been recognized not only for their role in disease and ecology but […]
BIOTERRORISM: Definition & Attributes of Biological Agents used for Biowarfare
Bioterrorism is broadly defined as the unauthorized, deliberate, or threatened use of microorganisms including bacteria, […]
Bioterrorism Through History: From Ancient Biological Warfare to Modern Global Security Threats
Bioterrorism refers to the deliberate use of biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or […]
Chikungunya: Mosquito-Borne Viral Disease
Chikungunya (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne viral disease marked by sudden onset fever and severe joint […]
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A Global Health Threat
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a clinically significant bacterial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, […]
Risk group classification of microorganisms
The great majority of microorganisms are beneficial to man, plants, animals and the environment. These […]
Monkeypox (Mpox) infection
Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus, is a viral infection with symptoms like rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Transmitted through contact with infected individuals, animals, or materials, it can be severe, especially for immunocompromised individuals. Preventive measures include vaccination and avoiding physical contact. Diagnosis involves PCR testing, and treatment includes supportive care.
Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic diseases lie at the interface of human activity, animal ecology, and environmental change. Their persistence and increasing […]
Measurement of Disease Occurrence in a Population
The measurement of disease occurrence is one of the fundamental principles of epidemiology. It provides […]
Terminologies used in Epidemiological Studies
Normally, each state, local or federal government of a nation establishes by law those infections/diseases […]
The Place of Statistics in the Study of Epidemiology
Statistics occupies a central and indispensable position in the study of epidemiology. It serves as […]
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria (MDRB)
The discovery and clinical deployment of antibiotics transformed the management of bacterial infections and fundamentally […]
Impact and Cost of Antimicrobial Resistance on Public Health and the Economy
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or antibiotic resistance occurs when microorganisms acquire the capacity to survive exposure […]
Cross-Sectional Study
A cross-sectional study is a descriptive observational epidemiological research design used to investigate the prevalence […]
Prospective (Cohort) Studies
Prospective or cohort studies are observational analytical epidemiological investigations in which the starting point is […]
Retrospective (Case-Control) Study
A retrospective study, commonly referred to as a case-control study, is an observational analytical epidemiological research […]
Viroids: Minimal Infectious Agents Composed of Naked Single-Stranded Circular RNA (ssRNA)
Viroids are the smallest known infectious agents. They represent a unique class of sub-viral pathogens that […]
Immunization: Importance in Disease Prevention and Public Health
Immunization is the process through which an individual is made immune or resistant to an […]
Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococci
Enterococci are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that constitute an important component of the gastrointestinal microbiota […]
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly […]
Botulism: A Public Health Menace
Botulism is a rare yet life-threatening neuroparalytic illness caused by toxins produced by the anaerobic, […]
Core Epidemiologic Functions: Strengthening Surveillance, Investigation, and Public Health Response
Epidemiology is the foundational science of public health, providing the methods and evidence needed to […]
Yellow Fever Infection
The yellow fever virus is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South […]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an illness caused by a virus (more specifically, a […]
Descriptive Epidemiological Studies: Principles, Methods, and Applications
Descriptive epidemiology is a foundational branch of epidemiology concerned with characterizing the distribution of health-related […]
Zika virus Infection
Key facts about zika virus infection Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first […]
Chikungunya Infection
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease first described during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in […]
Observational Epidemiological Study: Association Between Exposure and Outcome in Population
Observational epidemiological studies are research designs used to investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related […]
Epidemiological Studies: Key Concepts, Designs, Methods, and Applications
Epidemiological studies are a foundational component of public health research, providing systematic methods to investigate […]
Historical Milestones in Epidemiology and Public Health
Epidemiology is the scientific study of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health-related events in […]
Epidemiology: Public Health Importance and Applications
History of epidemiology The history of epidemiology reflects humanity’s long-standing effort to understand the causes, […]
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Exploring Careers in Microbiology: What Microbiologists Do and Where They Work!
As microbiologists, we have the opportunity to shape the world through the thoughtful and innovative […]
Introduction to Virology
Virology is the branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses, including those […]