Trypan blue is defined as a dye or stain that enables us to distinguish between […]
WAYS TO SEPARATE DNA FROM OTHER CELLULAR MATERIALS: BINDING AND WASHING
When phenol or a mixture of phenol:chloroform is mixed with a cell Lysate, two phases […]
Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococci
Enterococci are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that constitute an important component of the gastrointestinal microbiota […]
TYPES OF SOLID SUPPORT FOR BINDING DNA
The types of solid support for binding DNA are as follows: 1. Silica Matrix Silica […]
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly […]
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is a cell with the unique ability to develop into specialised cell types […]
WHO Global Principles for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals Intended for Food
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a formidable challenge at the intersection of animal health, […]
Diagnostic Viral Assays
Diagnostic methods accurately identify viral infections in patients. This is a prerequisite to control and […]
ECHINOCOCCOSIS(HYDATIDOSIS, OR HYDATID DISEASE)
BIOLOGY AND CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ECHINOCOCOCCUS Human echinococcosis (hydatidosis, or hydatid disease) is caused by […]
Ceftazidime-Imipenem Antagonism Test (CIAT)
AmpC β-lactamases are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze several β-lactam antibiotics, thereby reducing their effectiveness against […]
Botulism: A Public Health Menace
Botulism is a rare yet life-threatening neuroparalytic illness caused by toxins produced by the anaerobic, […]
Core Epidemiologic Functions: Strengthening Surveillance, Investigation, and Public Health Response
Epidemiology is the foundational science of public health, providing the methods and evidence needed to […]
Yellow Fever Infection
Yellow fever is an acute viral mosquito-borne disease that remains an important public health concern […]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an illness caused by a virus (more specifically, a […]
Fusidic Acid
Fusidic acid is a naturally occurring antimicrobial compound belonging to the fusidane class of antibiotics […]
Cetrimide selective agar
Cetrimide selective agar is used for the selective cultivation and isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical […]
CELL DENSITY METER
Cell density meter is an instrument that is used for measuring of the density of […]
Calculation for preparing culture media
In this section, you will learn how to calculate for culture media preparation. Calculations for […]
Candida glabrata
Biology of Candida glabrata Candida glabrata is a fungus species of haploid yeast of the […]
CAMP Test for Identification of Group B Streptococci
The CAMP test (named for the original authors: Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen) was first used […]
Anthroponotic Diseases (Anthroponoses) and Sapronoses: An Ecological Overview of Human-Associated and Environmental Infectious Systems
Anthroponotic diseases (anthroponoses) and sapronoses represent two distinct ecological and epidemiological modes of infectious disease […]
Routes of Drug Administration
The therapeutic journey of a drug does not begin when it reaches its molecular target; […]
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement and transformation of a […]
Drug Interactions
Drug-drug interaction is a pharmacological phenomenon in which the presence of one drug alters the absorption, […]
Monitoring of Water Quality
Water quality monitoring is a scientific and management-based approach used to understand the condition, behavior, […]
Active Air Monitoring
Active air monitoring is a microbiological technique used to evaluate the quality of indoor air […]
Passive Air Monitoring
Passive air monitoring is a widely adopted environmental surveillance approach used to evaluate the microbiological […]
Glass Plating Beads for spreading bacteria/fungi on culture plate
Glass Plating Beads are reusable beads which helps to spread suspensions of microorganisms (bacteria or […]
FTA CARDS
The acronym FTA stands for “Flinders Technology Association”. FTA CARDS are chemically treated Whatman filter […]
Cholera – a public health threat
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration […]
Assessing RNA Purity, Concentration and Integrity
The integrity, purity and concentration of the RNA so isolated should be confirmed before proceeding […]
Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection)
Key facts about Buruli ulcer Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a chronic debilitating disease that […]
Monitoring of Air Quality
Air quality monitoring is a fundamental component of environmental management and public health protection. It […]
Quality Assurance: System Design and Implementation in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Laboratory Practice
Quality Assurance (QA) represents an integrated framework through which organizations establish, maintain, and improve the […]
Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Principles, Microbial Testing, Practical Implementation & GMP Compliance
Quality control (QC) is a structured analytical and operational system designed to evaluate whether materials, […]
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF CELL CULTURE
The history of cell culture cannot be complete without the mention of Henrietta Lacks, whose […]
Descriptive Epidemiological Studies: Principles, Methods, and Applications
Descriptive epidemiology is a foundational branch of epidemiology concerned with characterizing the distribution of health-related […]
DENTAL PLAQUE
Dental plaque is defined as the tenacious microbial deposit that forms on the hard tissue […]
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE TEST
Hydrogen sulphide test: Hydrogen sulphide test is used to identify bacteria that produce the gas, […]
METHYL RED TEST
Methyl red test is used to identify pathogenic bacteria that produce acid from glucose phosphate. […]
AMYLASE (STARCH HYDROLYSIS) TEST
Amylase (Starch hydrolysis) test is used to identify bacteria that hydrolyze starch (including amylopectin and […]
BLOOD AGAR HAEMOLYSIS TEST
Blood agar haemolysis is used to determine the haemolytic ability of some pathogenic microorganisms including […]
SATELLITISM TEST
Satellitism test is a culture-based test which is used to identify Haemophilus influenzae in the […]
FUNGAL REPRODUCTION
Fungal reproduction is unique and distinct from those of other microbial cells such as bacteria. […]
Zika virus Infection
Key facts about zika virus infection Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first […]
Chikungunya Infection
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease first described during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in […]
BAIRD–PARKER AGAR
Baird–parker agar is a selective medium for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in foods and […]
Common Mistakes International Students Make in Scholarship Applications
Pursuing higher education abroad is a dream shared by millions of students worldwide. Every year, […]
Links for dilution calculation
Links for dilution calculation in biological sciences and other fields of sciences: These links will […]
P value
The phrase “P value” also means ‘calculated probability’. P value is defined as the probability […]