When phenol or a mixture of phenol:chloroform is mixed with a cell Lysate, two phases […]
Month: January 2023
Vancomycin resistance in Enterococci
Enterococcus (plural: Enterococci) is a group of bacteria that is normally found in the intestines […]
TYPES OF SOLID SUPPORT FOR BINDING DNA
The types of solid support for binding DNA are as follows: 1. Silica Matrix Silica […]
What are ESBLs?
ESBLs (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) are enzymes that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum (third generation) cephalosporins (e.g., […]
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is a cell with the unique ability to develop into specialised cell types […]
WHO Global Principles for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals Intended for Food
Purpose: To minimize the negative public health impact of the use of antimicrobial agents in […]
DIAGNOSTIC VIRUS ASSAYS
Diagnostic methods accurately identify viral infections in patients. This is a prerequisite to control and […]
ECHINOCOCCOSIS(HYDATIDOSIS, OR HYDATID DISEASE)
BIOLOGY AND CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ECHINOCOCOCCUS Human echinococcosis (hydatidosis, or hydatid disease) is caused by […]
Differences between Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) & Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Laboratory Testing Regulations
People are often confused by differences between Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) […]
CEFTAZIDIME-IMIPENEM ANTAGONISM TEST (CIAT)
Ceftazidime-imipenem antagonism test (CIAT) is one of the phenotypic confirmation tests that can be used […]
Botulism – a public health menace
Key facts Foodborne botulism is a serious, potentially fatal disease. However, it is relatively rare. […]
Core Epidemiologic Functions
In the mid-1980s, five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice were identified. These […]
YELLOW FEVER
The yellow fever virus is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South […]
MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (MERS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an illness caused by a virus (more specifically, a […]
Fusidic acid
Fusidic acid is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial agent and/or antibiotic that is derived from the fungus, […]
Cetrimide selective agar
Cetrimide selective agar is used for the selective cultivation and isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical […]
CELL DENSITY METER
Cell density meter is an instrument that is used for measuring of the density of […]
Calculation for preparing culture media
In this section, you will learn how to calculate for culture media preparation. Calculations for […]
Candida glabrata
Biology of Candida glabrata Candida glabrata is a fungus species of haploid yeast of the […]
CAMP Test for Identification of Group B Streptococci
The CAMP test (named for the original authors: Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen) was first used […]
Anthroponotic Disease (Anthroponosis) & Sapronoses
An anthroponotic disease, or anthroponosis, is an infectious disease in which a disease causing agent […]
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Therapeutic drugs are administered in various ways, and these include parenteral and oral administration. Other […]
PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS
Pharmacokinetics is simply the study of how the body reacts to therapeutic agents or drugs […]
DRUG INTERACTION
To be clinically effective for the treatment of infectious diseases, every drug must reach a […]
MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY
Water quality is defined as the suitability of water to sustain various uses or processes […]
ACTIVE AIR MONITORING
Active air monitoring also involve the use of settle plates or sedimentation culture plates (as […]
PASSIVE AIR MONITORING
Passive air monitoring is usually done using special type of Petri dish plates known as […]
Glass Plating Beads for spreading bacteria/fungi on culture plate
Glass Plating Beads are reusable beads which helps to spread suspensions of microorganisms (bacteria or […]
FTA CARDS
The acronym FTA stands for “Flinders Technology Association”. FTA CARDS are chemically treated Whatman filter […]
Cholera – a public health threat
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration […]
Assessing RNA Purity, Concentration and Integrity
The integrity, purity and concentration of the RNA so isolated should be confirmed before proceeding […]
Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection)
Key facts about Buruli ulcer Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a chronic debilitating disease that […]
Microbiological Risk Assessment
Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is a structured process that is used for determining the public health […]
MONITORING OF AIR QUALITY
Air quality is defined as the degree to which the ambient air in a particular […]
RULES OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
GMP encompasses the rules governing the manufacture of a safe and efficacious pharmaceutical product, drug […]
CRITICAL ASPECTS OF GMP (sources of microbial contamination)
Some of the main sources of contamination in the course of production in a food […]
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
GMP guidelines are not prescriptive instructions on how to manufacture any product including food, drugs, […]
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is simply defined as those general rules that govern the manufacture […]
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality assurance (QA) is a planned and systematic process used for evaluating and monitoring the […]
QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control (QC) is defined as a monitoring system that is used for detecting and […]
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF CELL CULTURE
The history of cell culture cannot be complete without the mention of Henrietta Lacks, whose […]
DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Descriptive epidemiological studies look at the frequency and distribution of a disease/infection within a population. […]
DENTAL PLAQUE
Dental plaque is defined as the tenacious microbial deposit that forms on the hard tissue […]
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE TEST
Hydrogen sulphide test: Hydrogen sulphide test is used to identify bacteria that produce the gas, […]
METHYL RED TEST
Methyl red test is used to identify pathogenic bacteria that produce acid from glucose phosphate. […]
AMYLASE (STARCH HYDROLYSIS) TEST
Amylase (Starch hydrolysis) test is used to identify bacteria that hydrolyze starch (including amylopectin and […]
BLOOD AGAR HAEMOLYSIS TEST
Blood agar haemolysis is used to determine the haemolytic ability of some pathogenic microorganisms including […]
SATELLITISM TEST
Satellitism test is a culture-based test which is used to identify Haemophilus influenzae in the […]
FUNGAL REPRODUCTION
Fungal reproduction is unique and distinct from those of other microbial cells such as bacteria. […]
ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION
Key facts about zika virus infection Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first […]