According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the term “probiotics” refers to live microorganisms (especially bacteria and fungi) that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits to the host taking it. The intestinal microbiota is important for the maintenance of good health in […]
Cell immobilizationis the process of fixing the cells of living organisms including plants, animals, enzymes and microbial cells in a suitable matrix capable of holding them in place. The term “immobilization” is generally used to describe the technique of attaching cells to surfaces either by entrapment or by particle attachment. And the cell immobilization
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Biotechnology
Innate immunity is the body’s natural inborn resistance to infection and it is quick in responding to invasive microbes. It is a component of the immune system that is an inherited protective mechanism, and which protect the body of an animals from many kinds of pathogens. Innate immunity is a nonspecific immune response to antigens,
The two basic forms in which antibodies can be produced in purified forms in the laboratory are as monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are homogenous antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells (known as hybridoma cells), and all of which exhibit the same antigenic specificity. Hybridomas are cells capable
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Immunology & Immune System
How to write a COVER LETTER – Faculty, Postgraduate, Postdoc – sample attached A cover letter is a communication that you write and attach to your curriculum vitae (CV) when applying for a faculty, postgraduate or postdoctoral positions in research institutions or universities or other institutions of higher learning. The cover letter is usually a
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The organs of the immune system are generally divided into two major groups which are the primary lymphoid organs and the secondary lymphoid organs. The bone marrow, spleen, thymus, Peyer’s patches, liver, the tonsils, the lymph nodes and several mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are some of the major organs or tissues that makeup the immune
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Immunology & Immune System
B cells are specialized type of lymphocytes that are responsible for the production of antibodies or immunoglobulins that act as effector molecules to stimulate the entire immune system against an invading antigen or pathogen. They are primarily responsible for the development of antibody mediated immunity (AMI) in the body; and B cells are produced in
Adenoviridae family is made up of two viral genera which are Mastadenoviridae (which contain viruses that infect humans and other mammals)and Aviadenovirus (which contain viruses that infect birds). Adenoviruses are one of the major viruses in this family; and they have a worldwide distribution. Adenoviruses have an icosahedral shape, and they have no envelope. They
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Virology
Hepadnaviridae family consists of two viral genera which are Orthohepadnavirus (which contain viruses that infect humans and other mammals)and Avihepadnavirus (which contain viruses that infect birds); and these viruses are generally called hepadnaviruses. The viruses in this family include human hepatitis B virus, animal hepatitis viruses and duck hepatitis virus. Hepadnaviruses are spherical in shape,
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Virology
The clinical diagnosis of some infectious diseases (including those caused by bacteria and fungi) in the microbiology laboratory is mainly based on the isolation and cultivation of pathogenic organisms; and this is usually done in vitro with the aid of specialized culture or growth media that supports the growth of microbes outside their usual habitat.
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Culture media