PREPARATION OF INOCULUM FOR FERMENTATION PROCESS

Microorganisms for industrial production are usually sourced naturally from their natural habitat or purchased in their pure forms from culture collection organizations such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). After their purchase or isolation, the industrial microbes must be prepared through inoculum preparation techniques which activate these organisms prior to their usage for fermentation. […]

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Industrial Microbiology,

Melting curve analysis in Real-time PCR

Melting curve analysis and detection systems Melting curve analysis can only be performed with realtime PCR detection technologies in which the fluorophore remains associated with the amplicon. Amplifications that have used SYBR® Green I or SYBR® GreenER™ dye can be subjected to melting curve analysis. Dual-labeled probe detection systems such as TaqMan® probes are not

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Real-time PCR probes

TaqMan® probe signal production Whether an MGB or non-MGB probe is chosen, both follow the same pattern for signal production. In the early PCR cycles, only the low, quenched reporter signal is detected. This early signal, automatically subtracted to zero in the real-time PCR software, is termed “baseline”. If the sample contains a target, eventually

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Sample template on how to write your research achievements and results when applying for a fellowship or grant

Sample of my research statement and results below: My Research Goal My research focused on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), specifically on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in non-hospital environments. My goal is to understand the fate and effect of antibiotic mixtures on soil microbiomes, since the threats and effects of antibiotic mixtures on the

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Nycodenz: application and properties

What is Nycodenz Nycodenz is a non-ionic, triiodinated radiopaque substance used primarily in molecular biology and biochemistry for density gradient centrifugation. Its chemical formula is C_19H_26I_3N_3O_9. Nycodenz creates gradients that are used to separate cells, viruses, organelles, and other biological particles based on their density. Nycodenz is a brand name for a non-ionic, iso-osmotic density

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Luria Broth (LB) and Luria Agar (LA) Media

Luria-Bertani (LB) broth is the most widely used medium for the growth of bacteria. It is a standard medium for propagation of Escherichia coli. It can also be used when culturing cells for plasmid preparation. LB is a nutrient-rich microbial broth that contains peptides, amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, and carbohydrates. It is also suitable for non-selective

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Real-time PCR fluorescence detection systems

Real-time PCR fluorescence detection systems Real-time fluorescent PCR chemistries Many real-time fluorescent PCR chemistries exist, but the most widely used are 5” nuclease assays such as TaqMan®Assays and SYBR® Green dye–based assays (Figure 1). The 5” nuclease assay is named for the 5” nuclease activityassociated with Taq DNA polymerase (Figure 2). The 5” nuclease domain

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Real-time PCR analysis technology

BaselineThe baseline of the real-time PCR reaction refers to the signal level during the initial cycles of PCR, usually cycles 3 to 15, in which there is little change in fluorescent signal. The low-level signal of the baseline can be equated to the background or the “noise” of the reaction (Figure 1). The baseline in

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Real-time PCR primer design

Good primer design is one of the most important parameters in real-time PCR. This is why many researchers choose to purchase TaqMan® Assay products—primers and probes for real-time PCR designed using a proven algorithm and trusted by scientists around the world. If you choose to design your own real-time PCR primers, keep in mind that

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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

Opportunistic mycoses are fungal infections caused by opportunistic fungi that only affect people with weakened immune system. They do not occur in healthy people. Opportunistic mycoses are fungal infections of the body which occur almost exclusively in debilitated patients whose normal defense mechanisms against infections are impaired. Such patients include those on chemotherapy, cancer patients,

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