The acronym FTA stands for “Flinders Technology Association”. FTA CARDS are chemically treated Whatman filter […]
Author: DrChika
Cholera – a public health threat
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration […]
Assessing RNA Purity, Concentration and Integrity
The integrity, purity and concentration of the RNA so isolated should be confirmed before proceeding […]
Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection)
Key facts about Buruli ulcer Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a chronic debilitating disease that […]
MONITORING OF AIR QUALITY
Air quality is defined as the degree to which the ambient air in a particular […]
RULES OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
GMP encompasses the rules governing the manufacture of a safe and efficacious pharmaceutical product, drug […]
CRITICAL ASPECTS OF GMP (sources of microbial contamination)
Some of the main sources of contamination in the course of production in a food […]
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
GMP guidelines are not prescriptive instructions on how to manufacture any product including food, drugs, […]
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP)
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is simply defined as those general rules that govern the manufacture […]
Quality Assurance: System Design and Implementation in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Laboratory Practice
Quality Assurance (QA) is a structured, systematic, and documented framework designed to ensure that products […]
Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Principles, Microbial Testing, Practical Implementation & GMP Compliance
Introduction Quality control (QC) is a systematic monitoring and verification framework used to detect, measure, […]
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF CELL CULTURE
The history of cell culture cannot be complete without the mention of Henrietta Lacks, whose […]
DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Descriptive epidemiological studies look at the frequency and distribution of a disease/infection within a population. […]
DENTAL PLAQUE
Dental plaque is defined as the tenacious microbial deposit that forms on the hard tissue […]
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE TEST
Hydrogen sulphide test: Hydrogen sulphide test is used to identify bacteria that produce the gas, […]
METHYL RED TEST
Methyl red test is used to identify pathogenic bacteria that produce acid from glucose phosphate. […]
AMYLASE (STARCH HYDROLYSIS) TEST
Amylase (Starch hydrolysis) test is used to identify bacteria that hydrolyze starch (including amylopectin and […]
BLOOD AGAR HAEMOLYSIS TEST
Blood agar haemolysis is used to determine the haemolytic ability of some pathogenic microorganisms including […]
SATELLITISM TEST
Satellitism test is a culture-based test which is used to identify Haemophilus influenzae in the […]
FUNGAL REPRODUCTION
Fungal reproduction is unique and distinct from those of other microbial cells such as bacteria. […]
ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION
Key facts about zika virus infection Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first […]
CHIKUNGUNYA INFECTION
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease first described during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in […]
BAIRD–PARKER AGAR
Baird–parker agar is a selective medium for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in foods and […]
COMMON MISTAKES INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS MAKE IN SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATIONS
6 COMMON MISTAKES INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS MAKE WHILE APPLYING FOR SCHOLARSHIPS OR UNIVERSITY / COLLEGE ADMISSION […]
Links for dilution calculation
Links for dilution calculation in biological sciences and other fields of sciences: These links will […]
P value
The phrase “P value” also means ‘calculated probability’. P value is defined as the probability […]
200+ LATEST MICROBIOLOGY SEMINAR TOPICS
Discover 200+ Cutting-Edge Microbiology Seminar Topics for Students & Researchers (2025 Updated) Attention Microbiology Students […]
MICROBIOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS
Below are some PROJECT TOPICS for your undergraduate and postgraduate (M.Sc. & Ph.D.) research studies. […]
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Prokaryotic cells are microbial cells that have chromosomes that are not separated from the cytoplasm […]
TOOLS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology uses the tools of molecular biology (i.e. genetic engineering) to produce novel products through […]
APPERTIZATION
Appertization is simply defined as the heat-treatment of food at certain temperature levels that inhibit […]
SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY
Safety in the clinical microbiology laboratory should not be taken for granted. It is paramount […]
SLIME MOULDS
Slime moulds are eukaryotic organisms that have fungus-like features as well as some animal- or […]
Significance and Applications of Microorganisms
Microorganisms, often referred to as microbes, are tiny life forms that are invisible to the […]
ANTIGEN
Antigen is any substance or molecule that can trigger an immune response in an animal. […]
MAGNIFICATION
Magnification is the enlargement of a specimen or an object seen through a microscope. It […]
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF VIRUSES
Though they are known to cause plethora of infectious diseases in man, plants and animals; […]
INOCULATION TECHNIQUE
Inoculation is a microbiology technique which is used to introduce or place specimens and microbial […]
DNA REPLICATION
DNA replication is simply defined as the genetic process of duplicating the genome of a […]
Fermentation and Its Importance
The term fermentation is one of the oldest in the history of biological and chemical […]
BUNSEN BURNER FLAME
Bunsen burner is practically a tube or hosepipe that is connected directly to a steady […]
Antibiogram & Interpretative Standards for Antibiotic (Antibacterial) Disks used for Susceptibility Studies
Antimicrobial Agents /Microorganisms Disk Code Disk Potency (µg) Resistant Intermediate Susceptible Amikacin […]
MICROBIOLOGY OF LANDFILLS
Untreated municipal solid wastes cause several environmental and health problems including the release of methane […]
ERYTHROMYCIN
Erythromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the […]
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are not killed or inhibited by […]
CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURES OF ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics including antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antiprotozoal agents, and antifungal agents have some specific characteristics […]
STEPS OF PERFORMING GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Gel electrophoresis is one type of electrophoresis technique, and its procedure is highlighted below. The […]
MALARIA
Malaria is an insect-transmitted parasitic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and anaemia (loss […]
Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) Test
The LAL test is applied in the testing of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, water, food, and […]
REASONS FOR DOING CELL CULTURE
Why is cell, tissue or organ culture embarked upon despite the ethical issues surrounding its […]
