MICROORGANISMS USED FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms are used for biotechnological manipulations. Whole animals and plants are manipulated through genetic engineering to produce transgenic animals and plants respectively. In addition, bacteria and other eukaryotic cells have been genetically manipulated to produce non-microbial products such as human growth hormones, insulin, interferon, mammalian proteins […]

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Biotechnology, Industrial Microbiology, , ,

MICROBIOTA (NORMAL MICROFLORA) OF LIVING ORGANISMS

Microbiota which can also be called normal microflora is the totality of microorganisms that are inherently present in a particular environment, body or location at every specific point of time. Mycoflora are fungal organisms that live in particular sites of the body without causing infection or disease. Microbiota goes into competition with pathogens on and

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Bacteriology, Medical Microbiology, , , , ,

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO OBSERVE WHILE WORKING IN THE MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

REFERENCES Atlas R.M (2010). Handbook of Microbiological Media. Fourth edition. American Society of Microbiology Press, USA. Balows A, Hausler W, Herrmann K.L, Isenberg H.D and Shadomy H.J (1991). Manual of clinical microbiology. 5th ed. American Society of Microbiology Press, USA. Beers M.H., Porter R.S., Jones T.V., Kaplan J.L and Berkwits M (2006). The Merck Manual

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Microbe Lab, Safety tips in Microbiology Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, , ,

SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY

The field of Microbiology has tremendous possibilities and a very bright future, and intending or prospective students who are seeking or pursuing their career as prospective microbiologist has golden opportunities that await them upon graduation due to their invaluable relevance in virtually all works of life. There are many areas of specialization in microbiology as

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General Microbiology, ,

HISTORY OF IMMUNOLOGY

Man’s interest in achieving some level of resistance to diseases and their causative agents (i.e. immunity) gave impetus to the study of immunology. The field of immunology actually began when it was observed that people who had earlier suffered and recovered from a particular infection or disease were afterwards discovered to have been protected from

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Immunology & Immune System, ,

STAINING TECHNIQUE

Staining is any microbiological process which increases the contrast of organisms when certain dyes or stains are applied to them prior to their examination under the microscope. It is generally the process of colouring specimens and microorganisms so that they can be easily observed and distinguished under the microscope. Staining in the microbiology laboratory is

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Medical Microbiology, Microbe Lab, , , , , , , , ,

MICROBIAL GROWTH PHASE

Microbial cells can exhibit different growth patterns depending on the availability of growth nutrients in their immediate environment. In batch culture, microbial cells cannot grow continuously because the growth nutrients required for development is not renewed after it has been depleted. Thus exponential growth is limited to a few generations of microbial cells in batch

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Biotechnology, Food Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, , , , , , , ,