Pharmaceutical microbiology is the branch of microbiology that focuses on all aspects of pharmacy especially as it relates to the manufacture and quality control of pharmaceuticals such as drugs, vaccines, and medical devices. It is an applied branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of microorganisms that are directly or indirectly involved in the […]
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Cell or tissue culture experimentations should not be carried out in the regular laboratory space where other laboratory investigations are undertaken. This is critical to avoid contamination of cells in the cell culture plates and also to ensure that all the physiochemical environmental factors that encourage optimal growth of the cells are provided. Thus, cell
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Cell Culture Notes
Cell culture is the laboratory technique of growing and maintaining the cells of multicellular organisms (plants and animal cells inclusive) in a favourable artificial environment conducive for growth. It is the maintenance of animal cells (inclusive of plant and human cell lines) in vitro.Such an artificial environment or growth medium mimics the internal environment of
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Cell Culture Notes
The search for the ravaging scourge of some infectious diseases including cholera, typhoid fever, small pox and the rest, and an urgent need to end their prevailing end of human lives some decades ago gave impetus to the full development of epidemiology. Epidemiology as a field in the medical sciences and as an important discipline
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Epidemiology
The word epidemiology was coined from three different Greek words: epi (upon or on), demos (population or people) and logos (study of). Epidemiology (which is the basic science of public health) therefore is defined as the field of medical science that studies the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of disease and health-related issues, and the application
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Epidemiology
The first investigation into the world of oral bacteria was first made by the father of microbiology Anthony von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) – who was the first microbiologist to observe and describe microorganisms accurately. Leeuwenhoek observed his mouth washings under his amateur microscope and discovered small living creatures which he called animalcules. Leeuwenhoek opined in his
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Microbiology of Oral Infection
Archaea bacteria generally inhabit terrestrial and aquatic environments where the condition of living is extremely harsh and unfavourable for other microbial cells. Habitats occupied by Archaea have very high temperature and salinity. Archaea are known to live in hostile environments including hot springs and areas with high salt concentration. They are not known to cause
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Microbial Taxonomy
The phylogenetic tree of life comprises mainly of Eubacteria, Archaea and Bacteria. Eubacteria or Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria are the three primary groups of microorganisms and macroorganisms, and these are generally referred to as domains- which show the ancestry of these organisms according to phylogeny. Phylogeny is the branch of science that studies the evolutionary
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Microbial Taxonomy
There are millions of microorganisms in the face of the planet earth, and these organisms are ubiquitously distributed. To make sense of the diversity of microorganisms around us in terms of their types or varieties, it is important to group microbes together according to some similarities and features that exist amongst them. This is the
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Microbial Taxonomy
Taxonomy, which is the science of biological classification, is divided into 3 main interconnected parts that include identification, classification and nomenclature. Microorganisms have wide taxonomic distribution and this includes organisms such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, and Archaea. Living organisms including microbes are usually named using a binomial system which was developed by the
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Microbial Taxonomy