Purpose: To minimize the negative public health impact of the use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals whilst at the same time providing for their safe and effective use in veterinary medicine. General 1. National governments should adopt a proactive approach to reduce the need for antimicrobials in animals and their contribution to antimicrobial resistance […]
Diagnostic methods accurately identify viral infections in patients. This is a prerequisite to control and limit virus propagation through an effective clinical management of the disease. A precise identification of the ongoing or past viral infection helps to achieve the following: Failure in diagnosis can lead to significant human and financial loss. This is why it
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Virology
BIOLOGY AND CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ECHINOCOCOCCUS Human echinococcosis (hydatidosis, or hydatid disease) is caused by the larval stages of cestodes (tapeworms) of the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) causes cystic echinococcosis and is the form most frequently encountered. Another species, E. multilocularis, causes alveolar echinococcosis, and is becoming increasingly more common. Two exclusively New
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Public Health & Parasitic Diseases (Parasitology)
People are often confused by differences between Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations as they relate to laboratory testing. This is understandable, since both GLPs and GMPs cover lab testing but are very different. In addition, scientists and quality control/quality assurance personnel participating in GLP and GMP studies play different roles. GLP
Ceftazidime-imipenem antagonism test (CIAT) is one of the phenotypic confirmation tests that can be used to phenotypically confirm AmpC enzyme production in test bacteria isolates that showed reduced susceptibility or resistance to any of the tested antibiotics used in the screening test for AmpC enzyme production screening. Therefore, AmpC enzyme production in the test organisms
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Techniques in Microbiology Lab
Key facts Foodborne botulism is a serious, potentially fatal disease. However, it is relatively rare. It is an intoxication usually caused by ingestion of potent neurotoxins, the botulinum toxins, formed in contaminated foods. Person to person transmission of botulism does not occur. Spores produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum are heat-resistant and exist widely in the environment,
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Bacteriology, Food Microbiology, Public Health & Parasitic Diseases (Parasitology)
In the mid-1980s, five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice were identified. These major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice include: 1. Public health surveillance, 2. Field investigation, 3. Analytic studies, 4. Evaluation, and 5. Linkages. A sixth task is policy development, which was recently added as a major task of epidemiology
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Epidemiology
The yellow fever virus is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America. The virus is spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Yellow fever is a very rare cause of illness in U.S. travelers. Illness ranges from a fever with aches and pains to severe liver disease with
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an illness caused by a virus (more specifically, a coronavirus) called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Most MERS patients developed severe respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. All cases
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Public Health & Parasitic Diseases (Parasitology), Virology
Fusidic acid is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial agent and/or antibiotic that is derived from the fungus, Fusidium coccineum. It is used as a topical antimicrobial agent to treat skin infections caused by pathogenic microbes including Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acne. Fusidic acid is an antibiotic that belongs to a group of antimicrobials known as the fusidanes.
