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AUTOMATED SYSTEMS FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM: VITEK 2 AUTOMATED COMPACT SYSTEM & MALDI-TOF

AUTOMATED SYSTEMS FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM: VITEK 2 AUTOMATED COMPACT SYSTEM & MALDI-TOF There are several commercially available automated systems or computerized instruments and/or equipments that aid in the clinical/laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases in the hospital especially as it relates to prompt and accurate identification of microbes. These automated systems also aid in […]

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) & Antibiogramantimicrobial susceptibility studies, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, bacterial identification, MALDI, MALDI-TOF, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight, TOF, VITEK, VITEK 2 automated compact system

OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

DrChika

Observational epidemiological studies are non-experimental epidemiological investigations that involves no intervention by the researcher (in this case the epidemiologist) other than carrying out medical and laboratory examinations and probably asking questions about the issue at hand. In this type of epidemiological study, nature is allowed to take its full course while the researcher only observes

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EpidemiologyEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY, epidemiology, OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

DENTAL CARIES

DrChika

Dental caries is simply defined as the decaying of the teeth. It can also be called dental decay. Dental caries or dental decay is a gradual disintegration of the teeth beginning from the tooth surface and progressing inwards. And it is usually initiated by microbial activity going on around the tooth surface. Dental caries include

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Microbiology of Oral Infectionacidogenic bacteria, biofilm infection, biofilms, caries, Dental Caries, dental disease, dental infection, root caries, streptococcus, sucrose

GRAM STAINING TECHNIQUE

DrChika

Gram staining is a general purpose bacteriological identification technique used in the bacteriology section of the microbiology laboratory to identify and differentiate bacteria into two groups i.e. Gram-positive and Gram-negative. It was discovered by Christian Gram (1853-1938), a Danish scientist in 1884. Christian Gram showed that the cells of some bacteria could be easily decolorized

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Microbe Lab, Bacteriology, Techniques in Microbiology Labacetone, crystal violet, ethanol, Gram negative bacteria, Gram negative cell wall, Gram positive bacteria, Gram stain, Gram staining, Gram staining technique, lugols iodine, safranin

FUNGAL TAXONOMY (DIVISION)

DrChika

Fungal classification or taxonomy is usually based on the sexual spores produced by the organisms. This is because the asexual forms of most fungi especially those that are of medical importance are not well known; and those groups of fungi that are of medical importance are sexual spore producers. The kingdom fungi comprise of four

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Mycologyascomycetes, Aspergillus fumigatus, basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes, fungal division, fungal taxonomy, zygomycetes

NITRATE REDUCTION TEST

DrChika

Nitrate reduction test is used to identify pathogenic bacteria that have the ability to convert nitrate (NO3–) to nitrite (NO2–). Nitrate reduction test is used for the differentiation of members of Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of their ability to produce nitrate reductase enzyme – that hydrolyze nitrate (NO3–) to nitrite (NO2–), which may then again be

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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology LabDurham tube, Enterobacteriaceae, nitrate, nitrate reductase, nitrate reductase enzyme, NITRATE REDUCTION TEST

TRIPLE SUGAR IRON AGAR (TSIA)

DrChika

Triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) is a differential agar medium used to different lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae from non-lactose fermenting enterobacteria. The medium usually contains three sugars viz: sucrose, glucose, and lactose, and phenol red as a pH indicator. TSIA is a synonymous biochemical test to Kliger’s iron agar (KIA) test. Both TSIA and KIA are used

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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology LabE. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, KIA, KIA test, Kliger’s iron agar, Kliger’s iron agar (KIA) test, Proteus species, Salmonella species, Shigella species, TRIPLE SUGAR IRON AGAR, TRIPLE SUGAR IRON AGAR (TSIA), TSIA

VOGES PROSKAUER TEST

DrChika

Voges-Proskauer (VP) test is used to identify Gram negative bacteria that produce 2,3-butanediol (acetoin) from the fermentation of glucose. The Voges–Proskauer test determines the capability of some organisms to produce non acidic or neutral end products, such as acetyl methyl carbinol from glucose or sugar fermentation. VP is a test used to detect acetoin in

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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology LabAlpha-naphthol, Klebsiella pneumoniae, VOGES PROSKAUER TEST, VP test

SUGAR (GLUCOSE) UTILIZATION TEST

DrChika

Sugar (glucose) utilization test or carbohydrate fermentation test is used to detect bacteria that ferment various sugars (e.g. glucose) as well as convert pyruvate (the end product of glycolysis) into gaseous by-products (e.g. hydrogen and CO2). Bacteria in an effort to generate energy can ferment various simple sugars including glucose, sucrose, mannitol, and lactose, and

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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Labcarbohydrate fermentation test, fermentation test, GLUCOSE UTILIZATION TEST, SUGAR (GLUCOSE) UTILIZATION TEST, SUGAR UTILIZATION TEST

CITRATE TEST

DrChika

Citrate test is used to identify Enterobacteriaceae that utilize citrate or citric acid as their sole carbon and energy source. Simmon’s citrate agar or citrate tablet is used in performing this test but only the Simmon’s citrate agar method is expanded in this book. The Simmons citrate agar tests the ability of organisms to utilize

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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Labcitrate agar, CITRATE TEST, citritase, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Simmons citrate agar