According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the term “probiotics” refers to live microorganisms (especially bacteria and fungi) that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits to the host taking it. The intestinal microbiota is important for the maintenance of good health in […]
Cell immobilizationis the process of fixing the cells of living organisms including plants, animals, enzymes and microbial cells in a suitable matrix capable of holding them in place. The term “immobilization” is generally used to describe the technique of attaching cells to surfaces either by entrapment or by particle attachment. And the cell immobilization
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Biotechnology
There are different types of steps involved in the transformation of a bacterial cell in gene cloning techniques. Bacterial cells are transformed when they are infused with exogenous DNA from another organism, and this makes them competent enough to express the gene product (or protein) of the gene they are carrying. Usually, the exogenous DNA
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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiology
Cloning is a molecular biology technique which is used to make millions of copies of a particular gene of interest or a piece of DNA molecule. It generally involves taking a piece of DNA molecule (containing specific gene sequence of interest) from a donor organism where it naturally exists and putting same into a cloning
The field of medicine has in the past decades seen the production of many biotherapeutics and/or drugs from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Many safer and cheaper vaccines and other drugs have been produced from GMOs. For example, injectable insulin (which is used to treat and manage diabetes mellitus disease in diabetic patients) was traditionally produced
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Biotechnology
Genetically modified organisms(GMOs) are living organisms including plants and microorganisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated through genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology in a laboratory. The term GMO also encompasses any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic materials obtained from various sources through the use of modern biotechnology. The genetic
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Biotechnology
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular yeast cell that is found in the Kingdom fungi (singular: fungus). S. cerevisiae is found in the genus Saccharomyces and family Saccharomycetaceae. Morphologically, the cells of S. cerevisiae are ellipsoidal or cylindrical; and they can be propagated in the laboratory on simple mycological media such as Sabouraud dextrose agar
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Biotechnology, Industrial Microbiology
MALTING STAGE Malting is defined as a controlled partial germination of the cereal grain or barley. Malting helps to develop amylases and proteases in the barley. Malting is the first of the enzymatic process involved in beer production; and the enzymes that malting develops in the grains bring about the chemical conversions of all the
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Industrial Microbiology, Biotechnology
Mutagenesis is the careful alteration of the genetic information of an organism’s genome in such a way that it will result in a mutation. It is the creation of genetic change in the DNA of an organism and, which will result in the production of a population of cells with an entirely new genetic make-up.
Mutation is a change in the genetic make-up (or DNA) of an organism.It is an inheritable alteration in the nucleotide sequence (or genome base sequence) of a living organism. Mutation can occur in both plant and animal cells, and it can be spontaneous (i.e. natural), prompted (or artificial), or adaptive in nature. When mutation occurs,
