Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is a structured process that is used for determining the public health risk associated with biological hazards in a given environment such as water, land, cosmetics, medications, food, air etc. Risk assessment is the backbone of the general practice of biosafety in any environment. Personnel involved in assessing public health risk in […]
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Laboratory Biosafety, Bioterrorism
Air quality is defined as the degree to which the ambient air in a particular environment is pollution-free. It is a measurement of the amount of contaminants in the air; and it gives a description of the healthiness and safety of the atmosphere of a given area at a given time. The quality of air
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Environmental & Soil Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology
GMP encompasses the rules governing the manufacture of a safe and efficacious pharmaceutical product, drug or food. And it is critical that the personnel working in pharmaceutical and food companies abide by these rules to ensure quality and safety during and after production. Personnel working in pharmaceutical and/or food companies where drugs and food are
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Some of the main sources of contamination in the course of production in a food or pharmaceutical company, and the areas of good manufacturing practice (GMP) that centers on controlling all possible sources of microbial contamination of pharmaceutical and/or food products during manufacturing include but not limited to the control of air, raw materials, water,
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology
GMP guidelines are not prescriptive instructions on how to manufacture any product including food, drugs, and other pharmaceutical products. Rather, the GMPs are a series of general principles that must be observed during the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, drugs and food in order to ensure that only products of high quality and one which is free
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is simply defined as those general rules that govern the manufacture and/or production of a safe, efficacious and microbial-free pharmaceutical product. GMP are practices and the systems required to be adapted in pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality control, and quality system covering the manufacture and testing of pharmaceuticals or drugs including active pharmaceutical ingredients,
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Quality assurance (QA) is a planned and systematic process used for evaluating and monitoring the quality and appropriateness or suitability of a product or given service. QA is related but different from quality control (QC). It is mainly geared towards finding a problem that is associated with a given product and managing it so that
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Environmental & Soil Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Quality control (QC) is defined as a monitoring system that is used for detecting and correcting analytical errors by establishing performance limits. QC is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product including pharmaceutical and medical products or performed services adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets
The history of cell culture cannot be complete without the mention of Henrietta Lacks, whose immortal cell lines (HeLa cells) from cervical carcinoma helped revolutionize the field of cell culture. HeLa cells are immortal cell lines that was derived from a deadly cervical tumor from a cancer patient (named Henrietta Lacks) in 1951 after she
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Cell Culture Notes
Descriptive epidemiological studies look at the frequency and distribution of a disease/infection within a population. It is usually the first step in any epidemiological survey and, it only describes the occurrence or outcome of a disease in a community/population. In a descriptive study, the general features of an infection in a population are typically described
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Epidemiology