PCR is the acronym for “polymerase chain reaction”. Polymerase chain reaction is the molecular biology technique that is used to amplify or copy specific gene sequences or nucleotides of a DNA molecule or gene. It was invented by Kary Mullis and his colleagues in the early 1980s; and PCR technique is the most widely used […]
Restriction endonucleases are DNA cutting enzymes specifically found and isolated from bacteria; and which nick specific sites on a nucleotide sequence known as restriction sites. Restriction sites are the different sites on a DNA molecule that is nicked by a particular restriction enzyme. Several types of restriction enzymes exist, and they are primarily sourced from
ENZYMES USED IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES Read More »
Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiology, Techniques in Microbiology Lab
References Aschengrau A and Seage G.R (2013). Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health. Third edition. Jones and Bartleh Learning, Beers M.H., Porter R.S., Jones T.V., Kaplan J.L and Berkwits M (2006). The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Eighteenth edition. Merck & Co., Inc, USA. Chiodini P.L., Moody A.H., Manser D.W (2001). Atlas of medical
TERMINOLOGIES USED IN PLASMODIUM INFECTION Read More »
Public Health & Parasitic Diseases (Parasitology)
Mosquito species including those of Anopheles carry out effective breeding and survival in freshwaters (i.e. waters with low salinity) than in salt waters (i.e. waters with high salinity). If the water in which the mosquito lays its eggs has high salt concentration (too saline), the larva and pupa stage of the mosquito cannot survive and
LIFE CYCLE OF MOSQUITO Read More »
Public Health & Parasitic Diseases (Parasitology)
Malaria in humans is majorly caused by four (4) species of Plasmodium. Plasmodium species are in the Phylum Alveolata, Subphylum Apicomplexa, Class Haematozoa,Order Haemosporida, and Genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium parasite is naturally transmitted to susceptible human hosts from an insect vector called female Anopheles mosquito. The 4 major and well known infectious species of Plasmodium that
HUMAN PLASMODIUM SPECIES: causative agents of malaria Read More »
Public Health & Parasitic Diseases (Parasitology)
Sterile pharmaceutical products are defined as sensitive pharmaceutical products that should be free from living micro-organisms, pyrogens and unacceptable particulate matter including contaminants during and after their production. Parenteral products are typical examples of sterile pharmaceutical products; and they are radically different from other dosage form in terms of standards of purity and safety. Some pharmaceutical
Sterile & Non-Sterile Pharmaceutical Products Read More »
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Trichinellosis or trichinosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by tissue nematodes or roundworms after the ingestion of contaminated meat (e.g. undercooked or raw pork meat) containing the encysted larva of the parasite. The disease is also common in pigs, rats and other domestic and wild animals; and the causative agent of trichinosis is known
Paragonimiasis or lung-fluke infection is a protozoan lung disease that resembles bacterial tuberculosis in humans; and it is caused by trematodes or flukes. It is a lung-fluke disease that has a worldwide distribution but more prevalent in parts of Asia including China, Taiwan, Indonesia and Japan. The disease has also been reported in some parts
Dracunculiasis is a crippling parasitic disease that is caused by a tissue nematode (roundworm) which is usually found in the subcutaneous tissue of infected humans. It is also known as guinea worm ulcer disease because the disease causes ulcer or boil on the skin of infected human hosts. The roundworm starts to emerge from the
Antibiotic resistance knows no border of any country since there is free movement of both people and trade between one continent and another, which can serve as a route for the spread of a resistant pathogen. The high-speed and ingenuity of microbes in developing resistance to available drugs (or antibiotics) is not balanced with the
CONTROL OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Read More »
Antibiotic Resistance / Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Pharmaceutical Microbiology