In the cell culture laboratory, there are many cell culture techniques that are routinely engaged or carried out. These various types of cell culture techniques are shown below: Their only advantage is that they may exhibit some physiological behaviour similar to that obtainable in vivo because they are freshly isolated cells. Primary cell cultures are […]
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Cell Culture Notes
Chromatic VREÂ is a selective and differential chromogenic medium used for the qualitative and presumptive detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci directly from clinical samples. This medium is intended as an aid in the detection of the following bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium with acquired vancomycin resistance. Chromatic VRE agar is not intended to diagnose infection or
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Culture media, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) & Antibiogram, Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Herd immunity is a group resistance of a population against a particular disease and the spread of its disease-causing agent in the same population. It is a collective type of immunity that is demonstrated by a community against a particular pathogen and disease within the same environment. In herd immunity, there are a larger proportion
The characteristics of a disease are largely dependent on the relationship between the environment, the disease causing microorganism (pathogen) and a susceptible host. Health; it must be noted is a state of equilibrium or balance between susceptible host (the individual) and the agent (pathogenic microorganism). The features of host, environment, and agent (disease cause) are
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Epidemiology
Experimental epidemiological study can also be referred to as clinical trials. It is an analytical epidemiological study that examines the role of some specific agents in the treatment or prevention of a particular disease in a population. An experimental epidemiological study usually involves two phases of study in terms of their design: experimental study for
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Epidemiology
SOURCES OF CASES IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Cases in an epidemiological study can be sourced in any of the following ways: SOURCES OF CONTROLS IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Controls in an epidemiological study can be sourced in any of the following ways: References Aschengrau A and Seage G.R (2013). Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health.
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Epidemiology
Ecological epidemiological studies are observational descriptive studies that investigate the rate of a disease in relation to a disease factor demonstrated on a population level rather than at individual levels. This type of study can also be called correlational epidemiological study or cluster investigations, and it examines a disease using a group of people or
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Epidemiology
Cross-sectional studies are descriptive observational epidemiological studies which investigates the prevalence or occurrence of a disease in a given community/population. It is the most straightforward type of observational epidemiological study in the sense that it examines a cross-section of a community at one particular point in time and, extrapolates the results of the study to
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Epidemiology
Prospective or cohort studies are an observational analytic epidemiological study in which the starting point is the selection of a study population known as cohort. In this type of study, the investigator selects participants exclusively on the basis of their exposure status which is in contrast to retrospective studies where participants are selected on the
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Epidemiology
Retrospective study which can also be called case control study is an observational analytic epidemiologic study that makes use of information or data from a sample of the study population (i.e. the exposed individuals of the population) rather than looking at the full members of the population. In case control studies, the epidemiologist or researcher
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Epidemiology