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Application of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

The field of medicine has in the past decades seen the production of many biotherapeutics and/or drugs from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Many safer and cheaper vaccines and other drugs have been produced from GMOs. For example, injectable insulin (which is used to treat and manage diabetes mellitus disease in diabetic patients) was traditionally produced […]

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BiotechnologyAPPLICATION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS, GMOs in medicine, transgenic organisms

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)

DrChika

Genetically modified organisms(GMOs) are living organisms including plants and microorganisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated through genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology in a laboratory. The term GMO also encompasses any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic materials obtained from various sources through the use of modern biotechnology. The genetic

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Biotechnologygenetically modified foods, GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs), GM foods, GMO, GMOs, transgenic animals, transgenic organisms

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

DrChika

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular yeast cell that is found in the Kingdom fungi (singular: fungus). S. cerevisiae is found in the genus Saccharomyces and family Saccharomycetaceae. Morphologically, the cells of S. cerevisiae are ellipsoidal or cylindrical; and they can be propagated in the laboratory on simple mycological media such as Sabouraud dextrose agar

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Biotechnology, Industrial Microbiologybakers yeast, SACCHAROMYCES, SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE, yeast

PROCESSES OF BEER PRODUCTION

DrChika

MALTING STAGE Malting is defined as a controlled partial germination of the cereal grain or barley. Malting helps to develop amylases and proteases in the barley. Malting is the first of the enzymatic process involved in beer production; and the enzymes that malting develops in the grains bring about the chemical conversions of all the

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Industrial Microbiology, BiotechnologyBEER, BEER PRODUCTION, PROCESSES OF BEER PRODUCTION

MUTAGENESIS

DrChika

Mutagenesis is the careful alteration of the genetic information of an organism’s genome in such a way that it will result in a mutation. It is the creation of genetic change in the DNA of an organism and, which will result in the production of a population of cells with an entirely new genetic make-up.

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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiologymutagenesis, mutation

MUTATION

DrChika

Mutation is a change in the genetic make-up (or DNA) of an organism.It is an inheritable alteration in the nucleotide sequence (or genome base sequence) of a living organism. Mutation can occur in both plant and animal cells, and it can be spontaneous (i.e. natural), prompted (or artificial), or adaptive in nature. When mutation occurs,

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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiologymissense mutation, mutation, nonsense mutation, point MUTATION, silent mutation, spontaneous MUTATION

APPLICATIONS OF MUTAGENESIS

DrChika

Recombinant DNA technology and the use of synthetic DNA molecules make it possible for molecular biology scientists to induce specific mutations in specific genes. In vitro mutagenesis is used to purposefully change genetic information. The analysis of the subsequent changes in gene expression and gene products helps elucidate the functional effect of the mutation.

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Biotechnology, Molecular MicrobiologyAPPLICATIONS OF MUTAGENESIS, Cassette mutagenesis, mutagenesis, random mutagenesis, Site-directed mutagenesis

MUTAGENS

DrChika

Mutagens are biological, physical or chemical agents that change the genetic materials (inclusive of DNA and RNA molecules) of an organism and thus increase the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. They are substances that change the genetic information of an organism, usually by changing DNA. Mutagens interact with nucleic acid molecules particularly

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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiologymutagens, mutation

PCR TECHNIQUE

DrChika

PCR is the acronym for “polymerase chain reaction”. Polymerase chain reaction is the molecular biology technique that is used to amplify or copy specific gene sequences or nucleotides of a DNA molecule or gene. It was invented by Kary Mullis and his colleagues in the early 1980s; and PCR technique is the most widely used

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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiology, Techniques in Microbiology LabPCR, PCR TECHNIQUE

ENZYMES USED IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES

DrChika

Restriction endonucleases are DNA cutting enzymes specifically found and isolated from bacteria; and which nick specific sites on a nucleotide sequence known as restriction sites. Restriction sites are the different sites on a DNA molecule that is nicked by a particular restriction enzyme. Several types of restriction enzymes exist, and they are primarily sourced from

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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiology, Techniques in Microbiology LabENZYMES USED IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES, molecular biology, restriction endonucleases, restriction enzymes