Fed-batch fermentation is defined as the liquid fermentation process in which growth nutrients are periodically added in the fermentation medium during fermentation. The process is akin to batch fermentation process except that small concentrations of nutrients are added at the beginning of the process, and there is a continuous addition of nutrients during the process […]
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Industrial Microbiology
Batch fermentation is defined as the liquid fermentation process in which the culture is inoculated into a sterile medium contained in a closed vessel. In batch fermentation process, there is no addition of nutrients once the fermentation process starts. This type of fermentation process can also be known as a closed-culture system – since there
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Industrial Microbiology
Fermentation processes are broadly divided into two parts viz: liquid fermentation and solid fermentation. In liquid fermentation, the microbial cells are suspended in an aqueous nutrient medium. But in solid fermentation, the microbial cells are adsorbed to a solid and nutrient rich material that supports the growth of the organism. The volume of free liquid
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Industrial Microbiology
Colony counter is a piece of equipment which is used in the microbiology laboratory to count individual colonies of microorganisms (particularly bacteria and fungi) on solid agar plates. Fully automated colony counters and manually-operated counters are available for the counting of microbes in samples or culture plates. The accurate count of bacterial colonies and cells
Autoclave is a piece of equipment that allows materials to be heat-sterilized under pressure and with a saturated steam. It is generally used to achieve sterilization of culture media and other reagents in the microbiology laboratory; and sterilization using the autoclave is achieved under pressure at various temperatures and time limit (e.g. 121oC for 15
Cork or hole borer is a piece of instrument used to create holes on solid agar media. It is an important tool required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in the microbiology laboratory especially when performing agar well diffusion tests or determining the antimicrobial activity of a particular plant product, in which case holes are usually
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General Microbiology
Weighing balances are used to measure the weight of objects (particularly powdered agar and reagents) in the microbiology laboratory. Several weighing balances exist for measuring media and other substances in the microbiology laboratory and they include mechanical weighing balance and chemical or analytical weighing balances amongst others. They provide accurate readings or values of material
Thermocycler or thermal cycler is a piece of equipment is used for the copying or amplification of specific sequences of nucleotides through a controlled timing and temperature regulation. It is an important tool in the molecular biology laboratory. Thermocycler allows reaction mixtures in specialized tubes known as Eppendorf tubes (PCR tubes) to be heated and
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Biotechnology, Molecular Microbiology, Techniques in Microbiology Lab
Systemic mycoses are fungal infections that affect deep tissues and organs of the body; and they generally start off as pulmonary infections in affected individuals. They are the most disseminating, deadly and severe forms of mycoses out of all the known fungal mycoses in humans. Systemic mycoses generally involve the internal body organs of humans
Subcutaneous mycoses are fungal infections that affect the subcutaneous tissues below the skin, and the bone and other tissues occasionally. The subcutaneous tissue or layer is the part of the skin that lies beneath the skin and it contain large deposits of fats (e.g. in the buttocks and thigh regions). Apart from affecting the subcutaneous
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Mycology