DrChika

Chika Ejikeugwu (PhD, 2017, UNIZIK, Nigeria) is a Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Stiftung in Germany. Dr. Chika Ejikeugwu is currently a Research Fellow at the Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, where he is working on "the soilRESIST project to investigate the effects of antibiotic mixtures on soil microbiomes." He founded Africa's Number 1 Microbiology website, www.MicrobiologyClass.net. Dr. Chika Ejikeugwu was a DAAD postdoctoral fellow at Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany (2021) and a MIF Postdoctoral Fellow at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (2018). In 2021, he was awarded the Young Investigator Award on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) by Institute Mérieux in France. Dr. Chika Ejikeugwu is a member of the Global Young Academy in Germany, and a member of other professional (microbiology) societies including Applied Microbiology International (AMI), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Nigerian Society for Microbiology (NSM) and American Society for Microbiology (ASM). He holds a doctorate degree in Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology. Dr. Chika Ejikeugwu is a Senior Lecturer & Researcher at Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT), Nigeria where he mentors undergraduate and postgraduate students on microbiology & other aspects of life. He has a flair for teaching, research and community service.

THE TRIANGLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (Epidemiological triad)

The characteristics of a disease are largely dependent on the relationship between the environment, the disease causing microorganism (pathogen) and a susceptible host. Health; it must be noted is a state of equilibrium or balance between susceptible host (the individual) and the agent (pathogenic microorganism). The features of host, environment, and agent (disease cause) are […]

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Epidemiology, ,

EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Experimental epidemiological study can also be referred to as clinical trials. It is an analytical epidemiological study that examines the role of some specific agents in the treatment or prevention of a particular disease in a population. An experimental epidemiological study usually involves two phases of study in terms of their design: experimental study for

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Epidemiology, ,

SOURCES OF CASES & CONTROL IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

SOURCES OF CASES IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Cases in an epidemiological study can be sourced in any of the following ways: SOURCES OF CONTROLS IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Controls in an epidemiological study can be sourced in any of the following ways: References Aschengrau A and Seage G.R (2013). Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health.

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Epidemiology, ,

ECOLOGICAL STUDIES

Ecological epidemiological studies are observational descriptive studies that investigate the rate of a disease in relation to a disease factor demonstrated on a population level rather than at individual levels. This type of study can also be called correlational epidemiological study or cluster investigations, and it examines a disease using a group of people or

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Epidemiology, ,

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY  

Cross-sectional studies are descriptive observational epidemiological studies which investigates the prevalence or occurrence of a disease in a given community/population. It is the most straightforward type of observational epidemiological study in the sense that it examines a cross-section of a community at one particular point in time and, extrapolates the results of the study to

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Epidemiology, ,

PROSPECTIVE (COHORT) STUDY

Prospective or cohort studies are an observational analytic epidemiological study in which the starting point is the selection of a study population known as cohort.  In this type of study, the investigator selects participants exclusively on the basis of their exposure status which is in contrast to retrospective studies where participants are selected on the

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Epidemiology, , ,

ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Analytical epidemiological study is a more detailed and all-encompassing epidemiological study than the descriptive epidemiological study. An analytical study describes the association between exposure and outcome (disease). It is meant to test the hypothesis of a descriptive epidemiology. Analytical study investigates the cause of a disease by studying how exposure of individuals relate to the

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Epidemiology,

SPUTUM CULTURE TECHNIQUE

Sputum culture is often recommended in the diagnoses of lower respiratory tract infection (e.g. bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis). Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are infections/diseases that occur below the voice box (larynx) i.e. in the bronchi and trachea. In this case, an induced or expectorated sputum specimen and not saliva is requested and obtained

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Microbe Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab,