AMR

Materials from the iAMR team for teaching & illustrating AMR

Are you looking for more information about Antibiotic Resistance or antimicrobial resistance (AMR)? Do you need a video or graphic to illustrate AMR to your class or share to your social media followers? Check out some of the resources in the ever-growing AMR library curated by the iAMResponsible team, which is an affiliate of the […]

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Antibiotic Resistance / Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Pharmaceutical Microbiology, , , , , , ,

IMPACT AND COST OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ECONOMY OF A NATION

Antimicrobial agents (antibiotics in particular) have helped countless numbers of people worldwide owing to their invaluable role in fighting microbial related infections/diseases; but the effectiveness of these agents and their usefulness for therapy is gradually being tested and deteriorated by the emergence and spread of drug-resistant forms of pathogenic microorganisms that has extended across the

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Antibiotic Resistance / Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Pharmaceutical Microbiology,

ANTIMICROBIAL (ANTIBIOTIC) RESISTANCE: definition, selective pressure and clonal selection

Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are not killed or inhibited by usually achievable systemic concentration of an antibiotic (drug) with normal dosage schedule and/or fall in the minimum inhibitory concentration ranges of the drug in question. It is the ability of bacteria to resist the killing or inhibitory

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Antimicrobial Agents & Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) & Antibiogram, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, , , ,

TYPES OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

The resistance of a microbial cell to the potent action of antimicrobial agents or antibiotics can either be innate or acquired. In innate (natural) resistance for example, the microorganisms are naturally resistant to a particular antibiotic. This usually occurs in microbes that lack target sites for the binding of the antibiotic. But in acquired resistance,

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Antibiotic Resistance / Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Pharmaceutical Microbiology, , ,

Antibiogram & Interpretative Standards for Antibiotic (Antibacterial) Disks used for Susceptibility Studies

Antimicrobial Agents /Microorganisms  Disk Code  Disk Potency (µg)   Resistant   Intermediate   Susceptible Amikacin Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa Acinetobacter spp, Staphylococcus spp     AK 30     ≤14 15-16 ≥17 Amoxycillin-Clavulanic acid EnterobacteriaceaeStaphylococcus spp     Haemophilus spp AMC 20/10 ≤13 ≤19 ≤19   14-17 — —   ≥18 ≥20 ≥20 Ampicillin Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrio cholerae Staphylococcus spp   

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) & Antibiogram, , , , , , , ,

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are not killed or inhibited by usually achievable systemic concentration of an antibiotic (drug) with normal dosage schedule and/or fall in the minimum inhibitory concentration ranges of the drug in question. It occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of

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Antibiotic Resistance / Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), , , , ,

PHENOTYPIC DETECTION METHODS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) IN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

The expression “phenotypic” is from the word phenotype, which means “the observable characteristics of an organism”. It describes the physical features of an organism in terms of its morphology, motility, colour and shape amongst other noticeable attributes that are typical to a particular organism. Thus, the phenotypic detection and characterization of antimicrobial resistant genes in

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) & Antibiogram, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, , ,

DEFINITION OF AN ANTIBIOTIC

There is no consensus to the definition of antibiotics. But it is very important that we do not displace the key points (“Killing and Inhibition”) that must be contained in any definition of an antibiotic. Abinitio, an antibiotic was originally defined as a substance produced by one microorganism, which inhibits the growth of other microorganisms.

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Antibiotic Resistance / Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Agents & Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) & Antibiogram, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, , , ,