epidemiology

Epidemiology, control, prevention, and public health concern of biowarfare

Chemical agents and biological agents are very exceptional from other conventional warfare tools including nuclear/atomic weapons in that they are usually invisible and they produce delayed effects in victims of biologic and chemical attack. The usage of these weapons of mass destruction in formal warfare is unlikely especially now that the world is seriously yearning […]

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TERMINOLOGIES USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Such drift or subtle changes in the antigenic surfaces of pathogens are a setback for most vaccination exercises because some vaccines have a short lifespan and, thus new forms of such vaccines must be produced and administered in order to confer a better protection against the antigen it is directed to. Both antigenic drift and

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Epidemiology, ,

THE PLACE OF STATISTICS IN THE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that is concerned with the proper method of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpretation of numerical data. It affords scientists (especially the epidemiologists) the knowledge of making good use of numbers (data) in their research undertakings. In statistics, data can be classified into two types: Primary data and Secondary

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Epidemiology, ,

Core Epidemiologic Functions

In the mid-1980s, five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice were identified. These major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice include: 1. Public health surveillance, 2. Field investigation, 3. Analytic studies, 4. Evaluation, and 5. Linkages. A sixth task is policy development, which was recently added as a major task of epidemiology

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DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Descriptive epidemiological studies look at the frequency and distribution of a disease/infection within a population. It is usually the first step in any epidemiological survey and, it only describes the occurrence or outcome of a disease in a community/population. In a descriptive study, the general features of an infection in a population are typically described

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Epidemiology, ,

OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Observational epidemiological studies are non-experimental epidemiological investigations that involves no intervention by the researcher (in this case the epidemiologist) other than carrying out medical and laboratory examinations and probably asking questions about the issue at hand. In this type of epidemiological study, nature is allowed to take its full course while the researcher only observes

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

An epidemiological study usually involves two important steps that must be put into consideration prior to the investigation of disease/infection outbreak. The first step in any epidemiological study is to define the hypothesis to be tested. The hypothesis must take into consideration the description of the exposure and possible outcome of the disease. The second

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