Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, non-motile, facultative rod in the genus Klebsiella and family Enterobacteriaceae. In addition to O and H antigens, K. pneumoniae possess K antigens (that consists mainly of polysaccharides). K antigens are capsular antigens found mostly amongst members of the Enterobacteriaceae family; and in the case of K. pneumoniae, the […]
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Bacteriology
Indicator organisms are microorganisms that signify the possible contamination of food or food products as well as other materials or environment. They are organisms whose presence in a material or environment serves to indicate the condition or quality of the material or environment. To meet the local and internationally established microbiological criteria for safe and
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Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Environmental & Soil Microbiology, Food Microbiology
Nitrate reduction test is used to identify pathogenic bacteria that have the ability to convert nitrate (NO3–) to nitrite (NO2–). Nitrate reduction test is used for the differentiation of members of Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of their ability to produce nitrate reductase enzyme – that hydrolyze nitrate (NO3–) to nitrite (NO2–), which may then again be
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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Lab
Triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) is a differential agar medium used to different lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae from non-lactose fermenting enterobacteria. The medium usually contains three sugars viz: sucrose, glucose, and lactose, and phenol red as a pH indicator. TSIA is a synonymous biochemical test to Kliger’s iron agar (KIA) test. Both TSIA and KIA are used
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Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Lab
Citrate test is used to identify Enterobacteriaceae that utilize citrate or citric acid as their sole carbon and energy source. Simmon’s citrate agar or citrate tablet is used in performing this test but only the Simmon’s citrate agar method is expanded in this book. The Simmons citrate agar tests the ability of organisms to utilize
Urease test is used to detect and differentiate Enterobacteriaceae that produce urease enzymes from those that do not. The urease test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split urea, through the production of the enzyme urease. Urease is an exoenzyme that hydrolyzes urea to produce ammonia and carbondioxide. Urease positive enterobacteria
