Microbe Lab

RATIONALE FOR THE CONTINUED USE OF ANIMALS FOR RESEARCH

Animals including (primates, dogs, cats, rabbits, mice) are still being used to conduct scientific/biomedical research because of some of the following reasons: References Alberts B, Bray D, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K andWalter P (1998). Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell. Third edition. Garland Publishing Inc., […]

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Cell Culture Notes, Laboratory Biosafety, Microbe Lab, Safety tips in Microbiology Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, , ,

Issues Surrounding the Use of Animals in Scientific Research

Animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, monkeys and primates are used in biomedical research to test the efficacy and toxicity of novel drugs and vaccines prior to their general usage in humans and animals for therapeutic purposes. The use of animals to do research whose results will in turn be extrapolated to humans is hinged

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Cell Culture Notes, Laboratory Biosafety, Microbe Lab, Safety tips in Microbiology Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, , ,

GRAM SMEAR OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) SAMPLE

AIM: To detect the presence of pus cells and bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen. MATERIAL/APPARATUS: CSF specimen, Gram staining reagents, microscope, glass slide, immersion oil, Bunsen burner. METHOD/PROCEDURE FOR CSF GRAM STAINING REPORTING OF THE RESULT Look for Gram negative intracellular diplococcic, Gram negative rods, Gram positive diplococci, and pus cells and report same.

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Microbe Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, , ,

MICROSCOPY OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are obtained with extra precautions using a technique called lumbar puncture. Lumbar puncture is defined a medical procedure in which a sterile needle is inserted into the spinal canal (of a patient suspected of having a central nervous system infection) to obtain cerebrospinal fluid sample for microbiological and/or other medical/diagnostic testing. 

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MEMBRANE FILTRATION TECHNIQUE

Filtration is simply defined as the separation of particles from fluid or liquids by the use of a porous material that allows the passage of the fluid but stops or holdback unwanted particles from passing through it. Filtration can be used to separate microorganisms from a liquid or gas in which they are dispersed. It

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Environmental & Soil Microbiology, Microbe Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, , ,

CULTURE OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

AIM: To isolate organism from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen as an aid in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis and other microbial infection of the CSF. MATERIAL/APPARATUS: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen, blood agar (BA), chocolate agar (CA), Bunsen burner, inoculating loop, incubator, anaerobic jar, MacConkey agar (MCA). NOTE: The CSF specimen should be collected only by

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Microbe Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, ,

MICROSCOPY OF SPUTUM SPECIMEN

AIM: To detect the presence of pus cells and predominant bacteria in sputum specimens as an aid in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections like pneumonia or bronchopneumonia. MATERIAL/APPARATUS: Sputum specimen, glass slide, microscope, immersion oil, inoculating loop, Bunsen burner, piece of stick. METHOD/PROCEDURE FOR SPUTUM SAMPLE MICROSCOPY REPORTING OF THE RESULT: Describe and

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Techniques in Microbiology Lab, Microbe Lab, , ,

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION

Antigen-antibody reaction is an immunological reaction in which a particular antibody molecule reacts with a specific antigen to form an antigen-antibody complex which is marked for further immunological response by other components of the immune system. It can occur inside a living organism (i.e. in vivo reaction) and it can also occur outside the host

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Microbe Lab, Immunology & Immune System, Techniques in Microbiology Lab, ,

ELISA

ELISA is the acronym for “enzyme linked immunosorbent assay”. It is an immunoassay or serological test that is used for the quantification or identification of specific antibodies or antigens in biological specimens (e.g. serum or blood). ELISA is mainly based on the principle of enzyme-substrate reaction. In ELISA, an enzyme (e.g. horseradish enzyme and beta-galactosidase

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Immunology & Immune System, Microbe Lab, Techniques in Microbiology Lab,